What is the primary purpose of a drainfield in a private sewage disposal system?

The primary purpose of a drainfield in a private sewage disposal system is to allow treated effluent to percolate into the soil. After wastewater has been processed in a septic tank, where solids settle, and some treatment occurs, the remaining liquid effluent is directed to the drainfield. Here, the effluent is distributed through perforated pipes or stone trenches, allowing it to seep into the surrounding soil.

This process is crucial for effective wastewater management because the soil acts as a natural filter, removing pathogens, nutrients, and other contaminants from the effluent before it reaches groundwater. The ability of the soil to absorb and treat the effluent depends on its composition, structure, and the presence of microorganisms that further break down remaining pollutants. This step is essential in safeguarding public health and protecting the environment, as it prevents the direct discharge of untreated sewage into the surface waters or groundwater.